我国企业研发组织模式创新研究：分类、现状与趋势

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,企业要建立核心竞争优势,其研发创新必不可少。研发组织模式的选择在研发环节中扮演着至关重要的角色,它直接关系到企业的研发绩效和创新潜力。本文从研发组织形态、研发组织结构以及技术资金来源及投入三个维度对企业研发组织模式进行探索,并面向北京市中关村高新技术示范区内的企业展开访谈及问卷调查,分析了研发组织模式的发展现状及创新趋势。     

The strategic berth template problem

A marine container terminal operator may have a situation with excessive calling requests to be served especially when some new service contracts are under consideration. For this situation, we propose a strategic berth template problem (BTPS) that selects the ships among the requesting ones to be served and arrange their berth-windows within a limited planning horizon. The BTPS employs the subgradient optimization procedure, which is an improved version of the procedure that the authors developed for the operational berth allocation problem. A wide variety of numerical experiments indicate the improved subgradient procedure works well for the BTPS.     

Entry restrictions and the determination of quality

Entry restrictions are a common form of regulation in markets and occupations, either as a means of limiting the size of a market or affecting the quality of products or services provided by it. This paper analyzes demand, cost and informational characteristics that affect the impact of this type of policies on the quality mix of products provided by an industry and the welfare of its consumers. Selective increases in the costs of entry such as licensing requirements and direct restrictions with competitive bidding for entry rights are considered. We analyze the effects of these policies on entry decisions and also the additional selection effects that are obtained when exit is allowed for and the rights to participate in an industry can be freely traded.     

中国双向FDI协调发展与经济增长相互影响吗?——基于“双循环”背景的实证检验

通过观察一个国家的IFDI、OFDI常常与该国的经济增长呈现出正相关关系的现象,本文使用新经济地理学模型,依据对中国双向FDI协调发展与经济增长之间相互作用机理的分析,推演两者之间的空间内生性逻辑。实证方面,基于2003-2018年中国31个省域的面板数据和广义空间三阶段最小二乘(GS3SLS)估计,运用空间面板数据联立方程模型对中国双向FDI协调发展与经济增长之间相互作用的宏观效应进行了统计测度。研究表明:⑴在全国层面上,双向FDI协调发展能够促进经济增长;同时,经济增长也能够促进双向FDI的协调发展。在分样本讨论的情况下,该结论依然成立。⑵双向FDI协调发展与经济增长之间的相互影响存在空间分异。总体而言,中东部地区的双向FDI协调发展对经济增长的促进作用更为明显。此外,双向FDI协调发展与经济增长之间的相互影响关系还与产业结构升级、人均资本存量、企业所得税等有关。     

Investment Dynamics with Information Costs

Investment in physical capital at the microlevel is infrequent and large, or lumpy. The most common explanation for this is that firms face nonconvex physical adjustment costs. The model developed in this paper shows that information costs make investment lumpy at the microlevel, even in the absence of nonconvex adjustment costs. When collecting and processing information are costly, the firm optimally chooses to do it sporadically and to be inactive most of the time. This behavior results in infrequent and possibly large capital adjustments. The model fits plant‐level investment rate moments well, and it also matches some higher order moments of aggregate investment rates.     

Can investor-paid credit rating agencies improve the information quality of issuer-paid rating agencies?

This paper examines how the information quality of ratings from an issuer-paid rating agency (Standard and Poor's) responds to the entry of an investor-paid rating agency, the Egan-Jones Rating Company (EJR). By comparing S&P's ratings quality before and after EJR initiates coverage of each firm, I find a significant improvement in S&P's ratings quality following EJR's coverage initiation. S&P's ratings become more responsive to credit risk and its rating changes incorporate higher information content. These results differ from the existing literature documenting a deterioration in the incumbents' ratings quality following the entry of a third issuer-paid agency. I further show that the issuer-paid agency seems to improve the ratings quality because EJR's coverage has elevated its reputational concerns.     

Motivating innovation in newly public firms

Prior research suggests that executive option grants that do not quickly vest provide managers with better incentives to pursue long-term, instead of short-term, objectives. Previous research also suggests that the pursuit of long-term objectives could be undermined by the risk of early termination. We conjecture that these arguments jointly suggest that managers are better motivated to pursue innovation when they are given more incentive compensation with longer vesting periods for unexercised options and yet some protection from disruptive takeover threats. Our evidence for a sample of newly public firms is consistent with more innovative firms jointly choosing such a combination.     

Tax without Design: Recent Developments in UK Tax Policy

This paper considers the development of tax policy in the UK over the last decade or so and assesses policy change against a low bar – consistency and coherence. While this government has followed some consistent policies – notably, in some aspects of corporation tax and in increasing the income tax personal allowance – there are few signs of a wider coherent strategy. The same has been true of other recent governments. Many aspects of the system have become more complex. There have been numerous policy reversals. And few of those aspects of the system in most need of reform have been tackled. The need for reform, and a clear strategy for reform, remain as pressing as ever.     

Elections,political competition and bank failure

We exploit exogenous variation in the scheduling of gubernatorial elections to study the timing of bank failure in the US. Using hazard analysis, we show that bank failure is about 45% less likely in the year leading up to an election. Political control (i.e., lack of competition) can explain all of this average election year fall in the hazard rate. In particular, we show that the reduction in hazard rate doubles in magnitude for banks operating in states where the governor has simultaneous control of the upper and lower houses of the state legislature (i.e., complete control) heading into an election.     

Museums,exhibits and visitor satisfaction: a study of the Cham Museum,Danang, Vietnam

Museums have several functions as custodians of heritage and culture, disseminators of knowledge about heritage and as places that attract tourists as well as local residents. Arguably all these functions require visitors to be satisfied with the visit experience if museums are to achieve their objectives. This paper reports findings from 411 visitors to the Cham Museum, Danang, Vietnam. It describes the nature of the museum and argues that satisfaction involves the conative, which may be measured by the willingness of visitors to make recommendations to others. However, the study identifies that interpretation and displays are important determinants and simply adjuncts to the generation of satisfaction.